After activating my new MacBookPro by restoring data and apps from a time machine backup of my old machine, Microsoft OneNote did not work anymore. It kept crashing on startup permanently for no obvious reason. I found this helpful article that solved my issue:

http://www.iphonetopics.com/how-to-fix-onenote-mac-crashes-on-startup/

(mainly:

1. Delete the following folders on your Mac:

~/Library/Containers/com.microsoft.onenote.mac

~/Library/Group/Containers/UBF8T346G9.Office

2. On your Mac OS X, open “Keychain Access” app and search for “MicrosoftOffice”. If OneNote app recognized that you signed in, you’ll have entry with long name. Delete it.

3. Restart and  try to launch OneNote app and signing in again.)